Gingivitis affects virtually the entire population to some extent and many people have gingivitis to a varying degree. The American Dental Association estimated in 2000 that approximately 50 percent of the U.S. population had gingivitis on at least six teeth and that 25% - 100% of pregnant women experience gingivitis during pregnancy.

Although bacteria are normally found in our bodies and provide protective effects most of the time, it can also be harmful. Our mouths are full of bacteria. The warm moist environment and constant food supply make the mouth an ideal place for the bacteria to live. If not for a healthy immune system, the bacteria in the mouth would rapidly reproduce out of control and overwhelm the body's defense system. Bacteria along with mucus and other particles constantly form a sticky colorless plaque on teeth. Plaque that is not removed can harden and form bacteria, harboring tartar that brushing does not clean. The longer plaque and tartar remain on teeth, the more harmful they become. The bacteria can cause inflammation of the gums.

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. It is an inflammation of the gum tissues that surround the teeth. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which can be a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Gingivitis affects only the gums while periodontitis may affect all of the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. Gingivitis can sometimes be painless and, therefore, people may be unaware they have it. In addition, gingivitis may not be distinguishable from periodontal disease simply by observation.

Although not all cases of gingivitis progress to periodontal disease, all periodontal disease starts as gingivitis. Early stages of gingivitis are reversible with thorough brushing and flossing. If left untreated, it can lead to chronic infections and severe periontitis. Gingivitis can also contribute to halitosis.

ALT BioScience's research and development efforts continue to support the commercialization of the consumer brand. A gingivitis over-the-counter test for consumers would serve as a public health attendant. In addition, it may promote awareness and encourage consumers to seek advice from a dentist or medical professional.